Even those who have served time, filed for bankruptcy, or ended up on a blacklist still have legal avenues to start over — provided they complete all required procedures.

19. Even those who have served time, filed for bankruptcy, or ended up on a blacklist still have legal avenues to start over — provided they complete all required procedures.

Cost: There are no processing fees. Former inmates must register at their local judicial office or community center to apply for reintegration assistance from the government. Those on a default judgment list must settle all debts before requesting removal from the list via the court. In Shenzhen, individuals who have contributed to social insurance for at least three years may file for personal bankruptcy. Each step involves paperwork, interviews, and a monitoring period lasting one to three years. The main challenge is repeatedly explaining one’s past to officials while enduring the waiting period.

In plain terms: Former inmates cannot be discriminated against regarding employment, education, or social insurance; the government must provide support to those in need. If a person was under 18 at the time of the crime and received a sentence of five years or less, their record is sealed, so they need not disclose it when joining the military or applying for jobs. The blacklist stays active for two years; once debts are paid, courts must remove the name within three working days. Adults, however, cannot have their criminal records sealed and must disclose them when enlisting or seeking employment.

Benefit: Former inmates are entitled to equal rights under the law, including non-discrimination in employment, education, and social insurance. Those facing hardship receive government assistance and reintegration services (as stipulated by the revised Prison Law effective 1 November 2026). Central directives from 2010 call for enhanced vocational training and inclusion in social aid programs for this group, plus establishment of transitional support centers. Minors under 18 with sentences under five years have sealed records; proof of no criminal record can be issued within three days upon request. The blacklist remains for two years, and removal follows promptly after debt settlement. Shenzhen’s Personal Bankruptcy Regulations offer a unique pathway: after three years of compliance, remaining debts may be forgiven. Business entities facing insolvency can pursue restructuring, settlement, or liquidation, thereby discharging obligations (this applies nationwide; personal bankruptcy is currently limited to Shenzhen).

Evidence grade: A

Sources: Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (2026). Prison Law (revised in 2026, Articles 59, 60, and 62). <https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/fl/202604/t20260430_726746.shtml>; General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Office of the State Council of China (2010). Notice of forwarding the "Opinions of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Public Security Management on Further Strengthening the Placement and Education of Persons Released from Reeducation Through Labor" (Zhongbanfa [2010] No. 5). <http://www.hnziyang.gov.cn/jc_zy/63/84/content_19460.html> (Reprinted by Ziyang District Government, Yiyang City); Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (2018). Criminal Procedure Law (2018) (Amended in 2022, Article 286). <https://www.spp.gov.cn/zdgz/201810/t20181027_396818.shtml>; Supreme People's Court of China, Supreme People's Procuratorate of China, Ministry of Public Security of China, Ministry of Justice of China (2022). Implementation Measures for Sealing Juvenile Criminal Records (Articles 9, 15). <https://gat.hunan.gov.cn/gat/jwgk/zfxxgk/xxgkml/zcfgjjd/zcfg/202205/t20220531_24795836.html> (Reprinted by the Hunan Provincial Public Security Department); Supreme People's Court of China (2017 revision). Several regulations on the publication of information on the list of persons subject to execution for dishonesty (Second, Article 10). <https://www.court.gov.cn/fabu/xiangqing/37182.html>; Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress Standing Committee (2020). Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Personal Bankruptcy Regulations (Articles 2, 23, 95, 97, 103). <https://sf.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/zcfg/content/post_8586018.html>; Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (2006). Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (Chairman's Order No. 54, Article 2, 7). <http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2006/content_413952.htm>

Notes: This summary does not downplay reality: adult criminal records cannot be sealed, and Article 100 of the Criminal Law mandates disclosure when enlisting or seeking employment. Certain professions such as civil servants, judges, lawyers, and teachers face additional restrictions, which remain unchanged. The cited Prison Law provisions correspond to Articles 37 and 38 as of 1 November 2026; exact wording may vary slightly. Guidance from Central Document No. 5 (2010) is referenced as republished by local authorities. During the bankruptcy monitoring period, individuals may not travel first class, engage in excessive spending, or purchase property; eight categories of debt, including personal injury compensation, remain non‑forgivable. Fraudulent bankruptcy claims may be revoked. Removal from a default judgment list does not automatically clear credit histories, as these are separate systems.