27-004 · EVIDENCE A · SOURCE-SENSITIVE
No smoking or drinking at all throughout pregnancy — and no one else in the house should smoke either
整个孕期一支烟一口酒都不要，家里人也别在屋里抽
There’s no cost at all; in fact, it saves money on cigarettes and alcohol. The real challenge is getting everyone living in the same house to quit alongside the pregnant woman.
Smoking during pregnancy raises the chances of premature birth, a baby being born underweight, and cleft lip or palate. It also doubles the risk of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth, and increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Secondhand smoke from anyone smoking indoors counts just the same. It is never too late to quit, no matter when you start.
A
Move “No smoking or drinking at all throughout pregnancy — and no one else in the house should smoke either” to Future Me's calendar
The excuse
I can spend longer deciding whether to start than the small action would take.
What feels good now
Today I keep a few minutes, a bit of persistence and avoid interrupting my default routine.
What the source says
The source summarizes the return this way: “Smoking during pregnancy raises the chances of premature birth, a baby being born underweight, and cleft lip or palate. It also doubles the risk of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth, and increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Secondhand smoke from anyone smoking indoors counts just the same. It is never too late to quit, no matter when you start.” Evidence grade A. The original states the population, caveats, and sources; this is not a personal forecast.
Use the original facts and limits. For an urgent medical, safety, financial, or legal issue, contact a qualified local professional or service.
THE ENGLISH EDITION
Original recommendation and evidence
4. No smoking or drinking at all throughout pregnancy — and no one else in the house should smoke either
Cost: There’s no cost at all; in fact, it saves money on cigarettes and alcohol. The real challenge is getting everyone living in the same house to quit alongside the pregnant woman.
In plain terms: Smoking during pregnancy raises the chances of premature birth, a baby being born underweight, and cleft lip or palate. It also doubles the risk of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth, and increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Secondhand smoke from anyone smoking indoors counts just the same. It is never too late to quit, no matter when you start.
Benefit: According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, smoking during pregnancy can result in babies being “born at full term but still underweight” and “more likely to be born prematurely.” It “doubles the risk of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth,” raises the risk of birth defects such as cleft lip and palate, and “damages the developing lungs and brain of the fetus, with effects lasting into childhood.” Babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy, as well as infants exposed to smoke after birth, face a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Official guidance states that “it is best to quit smoking before getting pregnant, but quitting while already pregnant still provides benefits,” and “it is never too late to quit.”
Evidence grade: A
Notes: Secondhand smoke from anyone smoking indoors is just as harmful to the fetus as direct smoking. Therefore, this rule applies to the whole household, not just the pregnant woman. The same principle holds true for alcohol: there is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, so the safest approach is to avoid it entirely. The impact of smoking and drinking on the health of adults themselves is covered in Section 2.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking During Pregnancy. <https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/pregnancy.html>
Read the complete Chinese source and notes
4. 整个孕期一支烟一口酒都不要，家里人也别在屋里抽
成本: 不花钱，还能省下烟酒钱。难在让同住的人跟着一起戒
说人话: 孕期抽烟，孩子早产、生下来太小、唇腭裂的概率都往上走。孕期和生产时异常出血的风险直接翻一倍。婴儿猝死的风险也更高。家里人在屋里抽，一样算。什么时候戒都还来得及。
收益: 美国疾病控制与预防中心的口径：孕期吸烟会让孩子「足月出生也可能过小」「可能早产」。它会「使孕期和分娩期异常出血的风险翻倍」。它会提高唇裂、腭裂等出生缺陷的风险。它还会「损害胎儿正在发育的肺和大脑，损害可持续到儿童期」。孕期吸烟的母亲生的婴儿，以及出生后接触烟雾的婴儿，婴儿猝死综合征的风险更高。官方建议是「最好在怀孕前就戒烟，但如果已经怀孕，戒了仍然有用」「什么时候戒都不晚」
证据等级: A
来源: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking During Pregnancy. <https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/pregnancy.html>
备注: 别人在屋里抽，孕妇吸到的二手烟对胎儿一样算数。所以同住的家人也别在屋里抽。酒也一样：没有哪个喝酒的量是已知安全的，孕期最省事的做法就是一口不喝。烟酒对成年人自己的账见第 2 节
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