23-007 · EVIDENCE A · LOW-RISK READING
Keep this baseline in mind: on average worldwide, each additional year of schooling yields a personal return of roughly 9% per year.
先记住基准线：多受一年教育，全球平均的私人回报（落到自己收入上的那部分）约为每年 9%
No cost at all. Memorize this figure and use it as a benchmark for evaluating any “learning opportunity.”
Globally, each extra year of formal schooling translates into about a 9% annual increase in personal income; this benefit tends to be higher for women than for men. This figure applies to regular schooling, not to short courses or workshops. Think of it as a yardstick: if a course costs 30000 yuan and lasts half a year, ask whether its expected income boost matches what one extra year of schooling would deliver.
A
Move “Keep this baseline in mind: on average worldwide, each additional year of schooling yields a personal return of roughly 9% per year.” to Future Me's calendar
The excuse
One more exception feels free because the bill arrives outside the current scene.
What feels good now
Today I keep a few minutes and avoid interrupting my default routine.
What the source says
The source summarizes the return this way: “Globally, each extra year of formal schooling translates into about a 9% annual increase in personal income; this benefit tends to be higher for women than for men. This figure applies to regular schooling, not to short courses or workshops. Think of it as a yardstick: if a course costs 30000 yuan and lasts half a year, ask whether its expected income boost matches what one extra year of schooling would deliver.” Evidence grade A. The original states the population, caveats, and sources; this is not a personal forecast.
Open the original entry, check who the evidence applies to, then pick one small step that fits.
THE ENGLISH EDITION
Original recommendation and evidence
7. Keep this baseline in mind: on average worldwide, each additional year of schooling yields a personal return of roughly 9% per year.
Cost: No cost at all. Memorize this figure and use it as a benchmark for evaluating any “learning opportunity.”
In plain terms: Globally, each extra year of formal schooling translates into about a 9% annual increase in personal income; this benefit tends to be higher for women than for men. This figure applies to regular schooling, not to short courses or workshops. Think of it as a yardstick: if a course costs 30000 yuan and lasts half a year, ask whether its expected income boost matches what one extra year of schooling would deliver.
Benefit: A comprehensive review covering 1120 estimates from 139 countries between 1950 and 2014 found that the worldwide average private return on each additional year of schooling is 9% per year. This private return is the portion that directly affects an individual’s earnings — on average, an extra year of schooling raises income by 9%. The private return on higher education is on the rise, while the social return on education (the benefit to society as a whole) remains substantial. Women continue to reap higher average returns than men from schooling.
Evidence grade: A
Sources: Psacharopoulos G, Patrinos HA (2018). Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature. Education Economics, 26(5), 445-458. <https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2018.1484426>; World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 8402. <https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8402>
Notes: This is a global average for “one extra year of schooling” and should not be taken as the expected return from a single course or workshop, nor as a figure specific to China. It serves merely as a rough reference point. Its main purpose is to provide a standard for evaluating any training program: if a course demands a 30000‑yuan investment and six months of effort, you can gauge whether its income impact is comparable to that of one additional year of formal education. Keep in mind that this average masks considerable differences across fields and countries.
Read the complete Chinese source and notes
7. 先记住基准线：多受一年教育，全球平均的私人回报（落到自己收入上的那部分）约为每年 9%
成本: 不花钱。把这个数记住，当成衡量各种「学点东西」方案的尺子。
说人话: 按全世界平均算，多读一年书，个人收入每年高约 9%，女性的回报一直高于男性。这个数说的是正规上学，报一个班不能直接套。拿它当尺子：一个课程要你花 3 万元和半年，就问它带来的收入变化抵不抵多读一年书。
收益: 一项覆盖 1950 至 2014 年、139 个国家、1120 项估计的综述算出：「多受一年教育的全球平均私人回报率是每年 9%」。私人回报就是落到本人收入上的那一部分：多读一年书，收入平均高约 9%。高等教育的私人回报在上升。教育的社会回报（落到整个社会而不是本人身上的那部分）仍然很高。女性受教育的平均回报持续高于男性
证据等级: A
来源: Psacharopoulos G, Patrinos HA (2018). Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature. Education Economics, 26(5), 445-458. <https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2018.1484426>；世界银行政策研究工作论文 8402. <https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8402>
备注: 这是「多读一年书」的全球平均值，不能当成「报一个班」的收益，也不是中国的具体数字，只能当量级参照。它的用处是给所有培训方案一把尺子：一个课程要你花 3 万元和半年时间，就该问它能不能带来相当于一年正规教育的收入变化。还要注意，全球平均掩盖了巨大的专业差异和国别差异
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