03-025 · EVIDENCE A · SOURCE-SENSITIVE
Treat period pain and seek gynecological care when symptoms disrupt life or do not improve
痛经就吃布洛芬这类止痛药，别硬扛；痛到耽误上班上学、吃三个月药也压不住，就去妇科查
Pain medicine costs a small amount; assessment may require an appointment, imaging, and time.
Trials found anti-inflammatory pain medicines can reduce menstrual pain. Persistent pain, deep pain during sex, or symptoms that disrupt school or work warrant medical assessment for causes such as endometriosis.
A
Move “Treat period pain and seek gynecological care when symptoms disrupt life or do not improve” to Future Me's calendar
The excuse
Future Me has a clearer calendar, more patience, and apparently the same responsibilities.
What feels good now
Today I keep a little money, a few minutes and avoid interrupting my default routine.
What the source says
The source summarizes the return this way: “Trials found anti-inflammatory pain medicines can reduce menstrual pain. Persistent pain, deep pain during sex, or symptoms that disrupt school or work warrant medical assessment for causes such as endometriosis.” Evidence grade A. The original states the population, caveats, and sources; this is not a personal forecast.
Use the original facts and limits. For an urgent medical, safety, financial, or legal issue, contact a qualified local professional or service.
THE ENGLISH EDITION
Original recommendation and evidence
25. Treat period pain and seek gynecological care when symptoms disrupt life or do not improve
Cost: Pain medicine costs a small amount; assessment may require an appointment, imaging, and time.
In plain terms: Trials found anti-inflammatory pain medicines can reduce menstrual pain. Persistent pain, deep pain during sex, or symptoms that disrupt school or work warrant medical assessment for causes such as endometriosis.
Applicability and limits: Medication can have side effects and is unsuitable for some people. Ask a clinician or pharmacist about personal risks, pregnancy, and other medicines.
Translation note: This concise English edition was prepared for this site; the full Chinese source and its original evidence remain available below.
Source links
- Marjoribanks J, Ayeleke RO, Farquhar C, Proctor M (2015). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7):CD001751. ↗
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2017, updated 2024). Endometriosis: diagnosis and management (NG73), recommendations 1.3.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.5.4. ↗
- Nnoaham KE, Hummelshoj L, Webster P, et al.
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation Global Study of Women's Health consortium (2011). Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a multicenter study across ten countries. Fertility and Sterility, 96(2):366-373.e8. ↗
- Schoep ME, Adang EMM, Maas JWM, De Bie B, Aarts JWM, Nieboer TE (2019). Productivity loss due to menstruation-related symptoms: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among 32 748 women. BMJ Open, 9(6):e026186. ↗
- Haleon (2026). Advil (ibuprofen capsule, liquid filled), OTC drug label: Warnings. DailyMed. ↗
- Pinned original chapter on GitHub ↗
Read the complete Chinese source and notes
25. 痛经就吃布洛芬这类止痛药，别硬扛；痛到耽误上班上学、吃三个月药也压不住，就去妇科查
成本: 一盒布洛芬十几块钱，只在痛的那几天吃。需要去妇科的，挂号、做 B 超要花一些钱和半天时间。
说人话: 痛经吃布洛芬这类药，痛明显减轻的人从不到两成升到约一半，比对乙酰氨基酚管用，副作用多一点。痛到耽误上班上学、同房时深处痛，或者吃三个月药还压不住，就去妇科查子宫内膜异位症。这个病平均拖 6.7 年才确诊。
收益: 一篇 Cochrane 系统综述汇总了 80 项随机对照试验、5820 名原发性痛经的女性。原发性痛经指查不出别的病的痛经。和安慰剂比，非甾体抗炎药止痛更有效（OR 4.37，95% CI 3.76–5.09，可信范围）。换算过来，吃安慰剂的人有 18% 得到中等以上的缓解，吃这类药的人是 45% 到 53%。代价是副作用多一些（OR 1.29，1.11–1.51）。吃安慰剂的人有 10% 出副作用，吃这类药的是 11% 到 14%。多出来的主要是肠胃不适（OR 1.58）和神经系统反应（OR 2.74）。和对乙酰氨基酚比，这类药止痛也更有效（OR 1.89，1.05–3.43），不过只有 3 项试验。哪一种这类药最好，没比出差别。英国 NICE 指南（2024 年更新）列出要怀疑子宫内膜异位症的几种情况。它们是长期盆腔痛，痛经影响日常活动和生活质量，同房时或同房后深处痛。还有经期排便痛，经期尿血或尿痛，以及伴有这些症状的不孕。17 岁及以下的女孩也算在内。指南建议先试用对乙酰氨基酚或这类药，比如 3 个月。止痛不够，就转去做进一步检查。妇科检查和 B 超都正常，也不能排除这个病。一项研究在 10 个国家的 16 家医院调查了 1418 名做腹腔镜的女性。从出现症状到手术确诊子宫内膜异位症，平均拖了 6.7 年，主要耽误在基层看病那一段。确诊的女性平均每周少干 10.8 小时的活，多数是人在岗上、效率下降。荷兰一项网上调查问了 32748 名 15 到 45 岁的女性。13.8% 因为月经请过假，平均每年 1.3 天。80.7% 来月经时人在岗上但效率下降，折合每年少干 8.9 天。
证据等级: A
来源: Marjoribanks J, Ayeleke RO, Farquhar C, Proctor M (2015). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7):CD001751. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001751.pub3>；National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2017, updated 2024). Endometriosis: diagnosis and management (NG73), recommendations 1.3.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.5.4. <https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng73/chapter/Recommendations>；Nnoaham KE, Hummelshoj L, Webster P, et al.; World Endometriosis Research Foundation Global Study of Women's Health consortium (2011). Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a multicenter study across ten countries. Fertility and Sterility, 96(2):366-373.e8. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.090>；Schoep ME, Adang EMM, Maas JWM, De Bie B, Aarts JWM, Nieboer TE (2019). Productivity loss due to menstruation-related symptoms: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among 32 748 women. BMJ Open, 9(6):e026186. <https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026186>；Haleon (2026). Advil (ibuprofen capsule, liquid filled), OTC drug label: Warnings. DailyMed. <https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f01c10a-9434-91a4-2ee4-352315a6b610>
备注: 60 岁以上、胃出过血、在吃抗凝药或激素的人，用这类药前先问医生。细节见第 34 节第 3 条（布洛芬这类止痛药）。美国布洛芬说明书写明，它可能引起严重过敏，对阿司匹林过敏的人更容易出，表现里有哮喘发作。有哮喘的人用前也要先问医生。可能怀孕时先问医生，怀孕 20 周以后别自己吃，见第 34 节第 5 条（怀孕 20 周以后）。不能吃这类药的，可以改用对乙酰氨基酚，一天的上限见第 34 节第 1 条（对乙酰氨基酚）。痛经只在来月经那几天吃药。第 34 节第 9 条（止痛药一个月别吃超过 15 天）的门槛管的是头痛，痛经吃药的天数也远到不了。定 A 是因为止痛效果来自大量随机试验。作者把多数比较的证据质量评为低，主要是试验方法写得不清楚，59% 的试验由药厂资助。收益定「中」是判断：综述只量了痛不痛，没量少请几天假。荷兰那项调查里，月经带来的损失折合每年约 10 天，摊到每周是小时级。子宫内膜异位症那组人是已经去做腹腔镜的，不代表痛经的人多数有这个病。受益人主要是你自己。
YOUR PRIVATE LIST