08-046 · EVIDENCE B · SOURCE-SENSITIVE
Use working door and window locks and lock them; a single alarm may not deter burglary
给门窗装好锁、门外装一盏感应灯,出门真的锁上:防入室盗窃靠这几样,单装一个报警器看不出用
Locks and a motion light cost some money; locking up takes seconds.
The cited UK studies associate door and window locks, especially with exterior lighting, with lower burglary risk. An alarm alone did not show the same association in the cited comparison.
B
Move “Use working door and window locks and lock them; a single alarm may not deter burglary” to Future Me's calendar
The excuse
There is no immediate alarm, so the sensible choice can wait for a less busy week.
What feels good now
Today I keep a little money, a few minutes, a bit of persistence and avoid interrupting my default routine.
What the source says
The source summarizes the return this way: “The cited UK studies associate door and window locks, especially with exterior lighting, with lower burglary risk. An alarm alone did not show the same association in the cited comparison.” Evidence grade B. The original states the population, caveats, and sources; this is not a personal forecast.
Use the original facts and limits. For an urgent medical, safety, financial, or legal issue, contact a qualified local professional or service.
THE ENGLISH EDITION
Original recommendation and evidence
46. Use working door and window locks and lock them; a single alarm may not deter burglary
Cost: Locks and a motion light cost some money; locking up takes seconds.
In plain terms: The cited UK studies associate door and window locks, especially with exterior lighting, with lower burglary risk. An alarm alone did not show the same association in the cited comparison.
Applicability and limits: The studies concern burglary, not robbery when residents are present, and do not guarantee prevention.
Translation note: This concise English edition was prepared for this site; the full Chinese source and its original evidence remain available below.
Source links
- Tseloni A, Thompson R, Grove L, Tilley N, Farrell G (2017). The effectiveness of burglary security devices. Security Journal 30(2):646–664. ↗
- Tilley N, Thompson R, Farrell G, Grove L, Tseloni A (2015). Do burglar alarms increase burglary risk? A counter-intuitive finding and possible explanations. Crime Prevention and Community Safety 17(1):1–19. ↗
- Tseloni A, Farrell G, Thompson R, Evans E, Tilley N (2017). Domestic burglary drop and the security hypothesis. Crime Science 6:3. ↗
- 国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化管理委员会 (2022). GB 17565-2022 防盗安全门通用技术条件. ↗
- 全国人大 (2020). 民法典(第七百一十五条). ↗
- Pinned original chapter on GitHub ↗
Read the complete Chinese source and notes
46. 给门窗装好锁、门外装一盏感应灯,出门真的锁上:防入室盗窃靠这几样,单装一个报警器看不出用
成本: 门锁换成要用钥匙才能反锁的,窗户加锁,门外装一盏感应灯,一般几十到几百元。换整扇防盗门要上千元。难在每次出门都真的锁上门窗,夏天开着窗时也要记得。
说人话: 英国的数据显示,门锁加窗锁的人家,被人进屋偷东西的几率只有什么都没装的十二分之一。再加一盏门外感应灯,降到三十多分之一。只装一个报警器、别的都不装,看不出能防盗。这管的是盗窃,不管有人在家的抢劫。
收益: 英格兰和威尔士的犯罪调查,问了 2008 到 2012 年间 37416 户人家装了哪些防盗设施,再和被盗的人家比。什么都没装的只占全部人家的 4.9%,却占了被人进屋偷东西人家的 36.6%。作者算的是「保护倍数」:被盗几率是什么都没装人家的几分之一。门锁加窗锁是 12.54 倍,被盗几率降到约十二分之一。这里的门锁指双锁或者「死锁」(锁舌要用钥匙才能收回)。门锁、窗锁再加门外的感应灯或定时灯,是 34.41 倍。再加屋里的定时灯,是 49 倍。只装一样的,门外灯约 3 倍,门锁约 2.8 倍。单装窗锁看不出差别。装五样的,并不比装对了的三样强。只装报警器、别的都不装,被盗几率反而比什么都没装的高。挂假报警器盒子的,有人想闯进来没闯成的几率也更高。锁得真锁上才算数:1993 到 2006/07 年,撬锁、砸窗、拆门板进屋的盗窃从每千户 31 起降到 7 起,降了 77%。门窗没锁、直接走进去的那种,一直是每千户 7 起,没降(英格兰和威尔士)
证据等级: B
来源: Tseloni A, Thompson R, Grove L, Tilley N, Farrell G (2017). The effectiveness of burglary security devices. Security Journal 30(2):646–664. <https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.30>;Tilley N, Thompson R, Farrell G, Grove L, Tseloni A (2015). Do burglar alarms increase burglary risk? A counter-intuitive finding and possible explanations. Crime Prevention and Community Safety 17(1):1–19. <https://doi.org/10.1057/cpcs.2014.17>;Tseloni A, Farrell G, Thompson R, Evans E, Tilley N (2017). Domestic burglary drop and the security hypothesis. Crime Science 6:3. <https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-017-0064-2>;国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化管理委员会 (2022). GB 17565-2022 防盗安全门通用技术条件. <https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=A75C1C66CB989D0A40BFA7A262C93290>;全国人大 (2020). 民法典(第七百一十五条). <https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/fl/202006/t20200602_463888.shtml>
备注: 争议:报警器那一半有反方数据。同一批作者用 1992 到 1996 年的数据算过,那时加装报警器是能降低被盗几率的。作者也说这个反常结果要谨慎看待,一种可能是被偷过的人家才去装报警器。所有数字都是英国的,而且只是比较装了和没装的人家,没有分组对照,所以给 B。这些数字只管入室盗窃,没有数据说门锁能挡住入室抢劫。真遇到有人在家里,先退开报警,见第 10 条(起了冲突先报警不动手)。退无可退时,见第 11 条(躲不掉的侵害可以还手)。租房的,换锁、加窗锁先跟房东说好。民法典规定,租客没经房东同意就加装、改装,房东可以要求恢复原状或者赔偿。买防盗门可以看一眼,防盗安全门有强制性国家标准 GB 17565-2022,2024 年 1 月 1 日起实施。受益人主要是你自己和家人。
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