CHAPTER 12 · 24 SOURCE ENTRIES

Starting and Running a Business

创业与做生意：别把家底赔进去

[← 回总目录](../README.md) 这一节只算钱和法律责任，不折算成寿命。开一家店、办一家公司，哪一步会把你自己的钱、家里的钱、配偶的钱一起赔进去？法律怎么规定，能不能提前隔开？最容易把家底赔进去、又最省事就能避开的条目，放在最前面。所以签字类的条目靠前，要自己动手做的方法靠后。只凭经验写、没有文献支撑的，标 C 级。本节条目按主题分成下面几块，括号里是条号。 **开张前别押上家底**：只拿亏得起的钱创业（第 1 条），不给公司贷款签个人担保（第 2 条），开张前选对主体（第 3 条），不当挂名股东（第 4 条），加盟前先查备案（第 5 条），花钱请人代运营网店之前问清（第 24

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12-001

Evidence BmoneySource-sensitive

Only invest money you can afford to lose — never use family savings or borrowed funds

只拿亏得起的钱创业，不动家底、不借钱开张

Any debts incurred by a sole proprietorship must be repaid using your personal assets and funds. If it’s unclear whether the business was run by the whole family, all family assets become liable. Even forming a corporation does not offer protection: when a company defaults on its debts, creditors may demand immediate payment of any portion of the subscribed registered capital that was promised but not yet paid. Therefore, your investment cap must be determined based on the principle: “I can afford to lose this amount without affecting my mortgage or medical bills.”

Open the low-ROI detour

Move “Only invest money you can afford to lose — never use family savings or borrowed funds” to Future Me's calendar

Future Me has a clearer calendar, more patience, and apparently the same responsibilities.

Today I keep a few minutes, a bit of persistence and avoid interrupting my default routine.

Move “Only invest money you can afford to lose — never use family savings or borrowed funds” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Never sign personal guarantees for corporate loans; spouses should definitely avoid signing too” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Choosing the right legal entity before launching: sole proprietors and general partners are fully liable, while limited liability companies offer “limited” liability” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Improperly listed shareholders: never hold shares on someone else’s behalf” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Check the Ministry of Commerce records before signing; obtain written disclosures and include a “cooling-off period” in the contract” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Determine the business name, location, scope of operations, and registered capital before registration; with complete documents, you can obtain the business license on the spot.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Businesses requiring licenses must wait until they obtain one” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Figure out which category you fall into: producing or preparing food requires a permit, selling only pre-packaged goods needs a filing, while selling fresh meat and vegetables needs no permit at all.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Packaging food for sale makes it prepackaged food: labels must include production date, shelf life, and ingredient list without exception” to Future Me's calendar

Move “General foods must not claim therapeutic effects: this applies to labels, instructions, ads, and live-stream scripts alike” to Future Me's calendar

Move “The food industry faces criminal penalties: selling meat from diseased animals or products exceeding safety limits is already a crime; adding toxic or harmful non-food substances carries a minimum five-year sentence regardless of revenue” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Once you obtain a business license, you must file tax returns on schedule — even if you have no income, you still need to submit a return with all zeros.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Invoices must reflect actual transactions; small taxpayers can fully utilize tax exemptions” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Scammers pretending to be tax officials demanding payments are fraudsters; tax filings must be done via the e-Tax Service or by calling 12366” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Writing “deposit” instead of “advance payment” in contracts, specifying penalty amounts, and treating credit terms as loans” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Sign a written contract within the first month of employment; register for social insurance within 30 days” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Wages must be paid according to contracts and laws; raises, loans, and bonuses all require written documentation” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Sell first, then produce: use pre-orders and small orders to confirm demand before investing in manufacturing” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Run the prototype through the production checklist before starting full production” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Keep copies of invoices and supplier documentation for every shipment; avoid purchasing goods priced significantly below market rates: if an employee buys counterfeit products, the employer can still be held legally responsible.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Whether creating designs yourself or purchasing licensed artwork, simply changing colors or adding icons does not count as “modifications” for copyright purposes.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Follow procedures at work; think carefully about who bears responsibility before offering unsolicited help” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Exit the process as planned when losses occur: opt for simplified deregistration when possible, or file for bankruptcy if debts exceed assets — don’t leave things unattended.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Before paying a store operator or dropshipping trainer, ask about later fees and where sales come from” to Future Me's calendar