CHAPTER 01 · 43 SOURCE ENTRIES

Avoiding Premature Death

不要早死

[← 回总目录](../README.md) 这一节讲三件事：车祸、火灾、中毒这类意外和伤害死亡；少数几种证据最硬的疫苗和筛查；身体出了什么信号就该去查一查。收益那一栏的数字，来自随机分组的试验、跟踪一大批人很多年的研究，或者官方统计。成本那一栏是作者按市面价格的粗略估计，只用来互相比较，不要拿去引用。本节条目按主题分成下面几块，括号里是条号。 **路上**：系安全带（第 1 条），戴头盔（第 2 条），开车不超速、不酒驾（第 9 条），儿童安全座椅（第 10 条）。 **家里的火、气、电**：装烟雾报警器（第 3 条），燃气软管到期就换（第 4 条），电动自行车不推进楼道（第 6 条），备

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01-001

Evidence AlifespanSource-sensitive

Always wear seat belts, both front and back

系安全带，前排后排都系

Wearing a seat belt in the front seat cuts the risk of dying in a crash by roughly half. For drivers and passengers in light trucks, the reduction is about 60%. Among U.S. crash victims in 2022 whose seat belt use was documented, half were not wearing one.

Open the low-ROI detour

Move “Always wear seat belts, both front and back” to Future Me's calendar

The routine already works until the day the source says it may not.

Today I keep a few minutes and avoid interrupting my default routine.

Move “Always wear seat belts, both front and back” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Wearing a helmet and fastening the strap while riding motorcycles or e-bikes” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Install smoke alarms; those heating with coal or gas in winter should also add a carbon monoxide alarm” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Replace gas hoses and stoves when they reach their expiration date; never modify the piping yourself, and you may decline any unsolicited sales pitches from gas companies.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Do not pick, buy, or eat wild mushrooms; any “folk tricks” for identification are useless” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Electric bicycles must not be pushed into stairwells, elevators, or charged indoors” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Measuring blood pressure and taking meds to reach target levels” to Future Me's calendar

Move “After age 35, anyone who is overweight should get a fasting blood glucose test; if the result is normal, repeat it every three years.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Don’t speed or drive after drinking” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Use a car seat for children under 4, don’t hold them in your arms” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Install window guards and balcony barriers if you have kids at home; screen windows do not count as protection” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Keep young children in sight near water; wear life jackets when boating or swimming” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Exercising balance and leg strength for people over 60, plus home modifications” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Get tested for hepatitis B markers; if no antibodies, get vaccinated” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If you get pricked by a nail or splinter, or if a wound gets dirty with soil, seek treatment the same day and ask whether a tetanus shot is needed.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “The earlier women get the HPV vaccine, the better” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Breast cancer screening for women: mammograms every two years starting at age 40” to Future Me's calendar

Move “For women over 30, HPV testing should be the first choice for cervical cancer screening” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Starting colorectal cancer screening at ages 45–50: use fecal immunochemical tests or colonoscopies” to Future Me's calendar

Move “People with cardiovascular disease and older adults should get a flu shot each year” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Getting the shingles vaccine after age 50” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Pneumococcal vaccine for people over 65” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Testing for Helicobacter pylori and eradicating it if positive” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Heavy smokers should get a low-dose chest CT once a year” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Call 12356 if you’re depressed or having suicidal thoughts; don’t keep sleeping pills or pesticides at home” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Purchase fire extinguishers, fire blankets, escape respirators, and first-aid kits, then inspect them once a year” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Visible blood in urine — even if painless and gone by the next day — still warrants a check-up” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If erectile dysfunction appears, check cardiovascular health first — don’t treat it as a purely sexual issue” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Weight loss, quitting smoking, and controlling blood pressure and blood sugar can improve erectile function” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Always use condoms during sex and never share needles” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If you’ve engaged in high‑risk behavior, get tested for HIV — the Chinese CDC offers free testing with full confidentiality.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “As soon as suicidal thoughts arise, tell someone nearby and hand over those first few minutes” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Don’t treat “survival” as a safety net: after ingesting paraquat or inhaling carbon monoxide, emergency care can save lives, but it rarely preserves lung or brain function.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Don’t bet on “a few days of rest” after a fall from height: most patients admitted to a trauma ICU survive, though at a cost measured in years” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Don’t trade “losing one kidney is no big deal” for cash: the remaining kidney has to do the work of two, and 86% of kidney sellers later say their health got worse” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Don’t pick up, disassemble, or sell unidentified metal parts; stay clear of areas marked with the clover symbol” to Future Me's calendar

Move “When gambling leads to borrowing money and persistent low mood, call 12356 first and then hand over your bank cards and payment passwords to family members.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Men who have sex with men at high risk of HIV infection can significantly lower their infection risk by taking pre-exposure prophylaxis from designated HIV clinics on schedule.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Women aged 65 and older should have a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone density test; postmenopausal women with osteoporosis risk factors need not wait until 65” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If you are diagnosed with osteoporosis, or have fractured from a minor fall, ask a doctor for osteoporosis medication and keep taking it—do not treat calcium supplements as a substitute” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Measure natural ice before stepping onto it; avoid river ice and fishing holes” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Use an angle grinder only with its guard and face protection; never fit a toothed wood blade” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Ask someone in distress directly whether they have thought about suicide” to Future Me's calendar