CHAPTER 13 · 44 SOURCE ENTRIES

Handling Emergencies

紧急情况：先做什么

[← 回总目录](../README.md) 本节讲出了事先做什么、再做什么、什么不要做。急救和野外的条目算的是特定死因和活下来的比例。威胁和骗局的条目算的是钱和人身自由。两类数字不互相换算。条目的顺序按「这事多常见 × 做对做错差多少条命」从高到低排。这些条目首先是给你自己和配偶、直系亲属用的。心脏骤停有 79.2% 发生在家里，你最可能救的就是家里人。对朋友同事次之。对陌生人也不是一点好处没有，但这一档最低，还可能被讹、被卷进案子。所以这类条目把保护自己的动作和免责的条款写在前面。本节只收几分钟内要做的动作。认出骗局、被人拿把柄要钱，处置要按天算，不在这一节。反诈的硬规则和七种高发骗局见

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13-001

Evidence AlifespanSource-sensitive

Immediate chest compressions can save lives when someone collapses and stops breathing — call 120 and fetch an AED too

有人倒地没呼吸，立刻用力按压胸口，让旁人打 120 并找 AED

Most people you’d need to help are family members — 79.2% of cardiac arrests happen at home. When someone performs CPR, the survival rate jumps from 3.9% to 16.1%. If a person is unresponsive and not breathing, start compressions right away. Position your hands at the midpoint between the nipples, press down hard at 2 times per second, and keep going. Ask a second person to call 120 and bring an AED; you must not stop compressing.

Open the low-ROI detour

Move “Immediate chest compressions can save lives when someone collapses and stops breathing — call 120 and fetch an AED too” to Future Me's calendar

The routine already works until the day the source says it may not.

Today I keep a few minutes and avoid interrupting my default routine.

Move “Immediate chest compressions can save lives when someone collapses and stops breathing — call 120 and fetch an AED too” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Elderly falls: if someone falls, first kneel down, call out to them, and dial 120 — don’t rush to help them up. It is perfectly legal to walk away from strangers; once you stop, however, you must not touch or move them.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Sudden facial drooping, weakness in one arm, and slurred speech — call 120 immediately; don’t wait or drive yourself.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Sudden dizziness, double vision, loss of vision in one eye, or inability to touch one’s nose — all warrant calling 120 for stroke suspicion” to Future Me's calendar

Move “One eye suddenly goes dark, as if a curtain has been pulled shut; even if it clears up within minutes, seek emergency care for stroke on the same day” to Future Me's calendar

Move “One eye is swollen, painful, red; there’s a rainbow halo around lights; plus headache, nausea, and vomiting — so an emergency eye visit is needed that same day.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Chest pressure, tightness, or heaviness lasting more than 15 minutes without relief — call 120; do not drive yourself.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Sudden tearing pain that spreads from the chest to the back and waist — call 120 and describe it as “pain moving downward”” to Future Me's calendar

Move “A sudden “worst headache of one’s life” that peaks within an hour — go to the ER for a head CT right away” to Future Me's calendar

Move “After an elderly person suffers a head injury, they may develop unsteady gait, sluggishness, excessive sleepiness, or weakness on one side of the body two to three weeks later — a CT scan is recommended.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “A leg suddenly swells, feels tight, and is tender to the touch — seek medical care promptly; if shortness of breath or chest pain develops suddenly, call 120 immediately.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “For severe bleeding, first press firmly on the wound with your hand; if this fails on limbs, apply a tourniquet and call 120 immediately.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “For dog or cat bites and scratches, rinse the area with soap and running water for 15 minutes, then get vaccinated on the same day.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Immediately rinse a burn with cool running water for 20 minutes; avoid applying toothpaste or soy sauce” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Sudden widespread rash, difficulty breathing, or dizziness — treat as anaphylactic shock; call 120 immediately and explain the situation clearly.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Someone is having a seizure — clear the area, place them on their side, time the episode, and don’t put anything in their mouth.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Diabetic patients suddenly start shaking, break out in cold sweats, and have slurred speech — first give 15 grams of sugar, then retest after 15 minutes” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If someone is electrocuted, cut the power first, then use a dry wooden stick to pry the source of electricity away; never pull the victim by hand directly.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If a carbon monoxide alarm goes off, or if several people in a room suddenly get headaches, nausea, or dizziness, get everyone outside before calling for help.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If someone accidentally ingests detergent, pesticides, or medicine, do not induce vomiting — take the container and seek medical help right away; if it splashes into the eyes or onto the skin, rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “In case of splashes of acids, alkalis or other chemicals on the body, immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with copious amounts of running water; for eyes, gently pull the eyelids apart and rinse thoroughly before leaving the scene.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Dizziness, nausea, lack of sweating or confusion in high heat — move to shade immediately, remove clothing and apply cool water to cool down; do not give water to anyone who is unconscious, call 120 right away.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “For people suffering from heatstroke, as long as they remain conscious, they should drink small amounts of cool, lightly salted water or sports drinks at frequent intervals — never gulp down large quantities. Alcohol and sugary drinks must be avoided.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Stay low to the ground during a fire, test doors before opening them, and never use elevators — once outside, don’t look back” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Upon seeing someone drowning, shout for help and call 110/120, then reach out a pole or floating objects — never enter the water yourself” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If someone is choking and can’t speak, stand behind them and perform 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts; if they collapse, start CPR immediately.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If lost or stranded in the Gobi Desert, a desert, or any remote area, stay put next to your vehicle. First, transmit your location, then shield yourself from the sun and retain body heat, conserve water, and avoid wandering off.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Shivering, slurred speech, and unsteady walking are signs of hypothermia; change into dry clothes, wrap up, warm the torso first, and give sweet hot drinks instead of alcohol” to Future Me's calendar

Move “After a snake bite, stay still, remove rings and watches, and rush to a hospital offering antivenom — no cutting, no suction, no tight binding” to Future Me's calendar

Move “First, figure out what kind of building you’re in during an earthquake: if it meets seismic safety standards, stay right where you are; if it’s an old structure prone to collapse, head outside right away.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “When encountering bears, wild boars, or packs of wild dogs, don’t run, don’t scream, don’t make eye contact — instead, turn sideways and back away slowly.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If caught in a thunderstorm outdoors, get into a hard-topped vehicle or building; avoid ridges, lone trees, water surfaces, and metal objects” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Gradually increase your sleeping altitude when heading to high elevations; if symptoms worsen, descend immediately — don’t tough it out.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “To remove a tick, use fine-point tweezers to pull it straight out along the skin — don’t apply oil, don’t use heat” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Always boil any water taken from the wild before drinking it; one minute of boiling is sufficient — there’s no need to extend the time just because you’re at high altitude.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If a stranger demands money in a remote area, hand over cash, avoid any confrontation, note their features, and call police after escaping” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If you stumble upon a group fight, walk away immediately — don’t try to break it up, don’t stand around watching, and don’t pick up any weapons on the ground. If you want to call the police, retreat to a safe distance and dial 110.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If you may have been exposed to HIV, get PEP within 72 hours — the sooner, the better” to Future Me's calendar

Move “After saving someone and getting injured or incurring expenses, first seek compensation from the perpetrator and yibao; then apply for recognition as a person acting in the public interest.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “Knives, rebar, glass piercing the body – apply pressure around the foreign object to stop bleeding; do not pull it out” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If a fracture is suspected, don’t move the injured area — keep it supported and apply cold for up to 20 minutes; never try to realign it yourself.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “After sexual assault, go to a safe place and call 110; do not shower, wash clothes, or tidy the room before a medical exam, and visit a hospital within 72 hours.” to Future Me's calendar

Move “When a baby under 1 year is choking and cannot cry out, alternate 5 back blows (face-down) and 5 chest thrusts — never press the belly” to Future Me's calendar

Move “If a baby under 1 is unresponsive and not breathing normally, call 120 on speakerphone and perform infant CPR: 30 compressions, then 2 breaths” to Future Me's calendar